ELEVATE SKILLS!
Q: If three threads are trying to share a single object at the same time which condition will arise in the scenario?
Time-Lapse
Critical Situation
Race Condition
Recursion
[ Option C ]
A Race Condition occurs when two or more threads or processes try to access and modify the same shared resource (like an object) at the same time without proper synchronization. This leads to unpredictable and incorrect behavior.
For instance, if three threads attempt to share and modify a single object concurrently, and there is no mechanism to control access (like locks or mutex), a race condition occurs causing data corruption or inconsistent results.
Q: What does OS X has?
Monolithic kernel with modules
Microkernel
Monolithic kernel
Hybrid kernel
[ Option D ]
The MacOS (formerly OS X) uses the XNU kernel, which is a hybrid kernel. This kernel architecture combines features from both the microkernel and monolithic kernel designs.
| Kernel Type | Definition |
|---|---|
| Monolithic Kernel | A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire OS, including device drivers, file system, and memory management, runs in kernel space. It is very fast but less modular, and a single fault can crash the whole system. An example is Linux. |
| Microkernel | A microkernel keeps only essential services such as CPU scheduling, memory management, and interprocess communication in kernel space. Other services run in user space. This makes the system more modular and stable, but it is slower due to message passing. An example is Minix. |
| Hybrid Kernel | A hybrid kernel combines features of monolithic and microkernel architectures. Critical services run in kernel space while others are modularized in user space. It balances performance and stability but is more complex in design. Examples include MacOS (XNU) and Windows NT. |
Q: A special software to create a job queue is called—
Linkage Editor
Interpreter
Drive
Spooler
[ Option D ]
A SPOOLER is special system software used to manage and create a job queue. It stands for Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line. The spooler collects jobs and stores them in a queue (FIFO), then executes them one by one in order, ensuring efficient use of resources. The spooler ensures jobs are executed in the correct order without conflicts or loss.
Q: Which one of the following errors will be handled by the operating system?
Lack of paper in printer
Connection failure in the network
Power failure
All of the above
[ Option D ]
Operating systems handle a variety of errors that may arise during process execution or hardware interaction.
Lack of paper in printer, the OS detects and handles this by notifying the user or pausing the printing process until paper is available.
Connection failure in the network, the OS manages network errors by detecting connection failures, reporting issues, and attempting reconnections or switching to backup networks.
Power failure, the OS can handle power failures by initiating safe shutdown procedures, saving unsaved data, and preserving system integrity through battery backups or power management features.
Q: How many states can be processed in operating system?
2
3
4
5
[ Option D ]
In an Operating System (OS), a process is a program in execution. Each process moves through various states during its life cycle, from creation to termination. Typically, a process can exist in five main states.
| State | Description |
|---|---|
| New | The process is being created. |
| Ready | The process is loaded into memory and waiting for CPU allocation. |
| Running | The process is currently executing on the CPU. |
| Waiting (Blocked) | The process is waiting for some event, input-output, or resource before it can proceed. |
| Terminated (Exit) | The process has finished execution and is removed. |
Q: If a process fails, most operating systems write the error information to a -
New file
Another running process
Log file
None of the mentioned
[ Option C ]
When a process fails, most operating systems record the error information in a log file. This log file serves as a permanent record to help system administrators, developers, and support personnel diagnose and troubleshoot problems.
By recording details such as the time of failure, type of error, and sometimes even a memory dump, log files help developers and administrators trace the cause of the failure. This approach provides a reliable and centralized way to analyze problems and ensure system stability.
| Operating System | Log File | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Linux / Unix | /var/log/syslog | Stores general system messages and errors. |
| Linux / Unix | /var/log/messages | Contains kernel and system-level messages, including startup logs. |
| Linux / Unix | /var/log/auth.log | Records authentication attempts such as login successes and failures. |
| Linux / Unix | /var/log/dmesg | Contains boot-time kernel messages and hardware detection logs. |
| Windows | Event Viewer – System Log | Stores system-level events such as driver failures, shutdowns, and reboots. |
| Windows | Event Viewer – Application Log | Contains error and status information from user applications. |
| Windows | Event Viewer – Security Log | Records login attempts, account management, and security-related events. |
Q: An INI file in Windows 95 is –
A Program File
A Message File
A Text File
Link File
[ Option C ]
An INI file (initialization file (.ini)) in Windows 95 is a plain text configuration file used to store settings and configuration data for the operating system and applications. These files are organized into sections containing key-value pairs and are readable and editable using any text editor like Notepad.
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