Computer Networking Basics : MCQs & PYQs with Explanation

Option D

A telephone device has several main components:

Option D

When we access a website, we use a web address (URL) that contains several parts, each serving a specific function, from identifying the protocol used to specifying the exact web page we want to view.

In the web address (URL), http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm

Option B

In GSM architecture, the Home Location Register (HLR) is a central database that stores permanent subscriber information, such as the subscriber’s profile, services, and current location. When a subscriber roams into a new area, the Visitor Location Register (VLR) temporarily stores a local copy of the subscriber’s data from the HLR.

Option B

An Ethernet card is also commonly known as a Network Interface Card (NIC). It is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network, usually a Local Area Network (LAN), using Ethernet technology.

The unique ID of a NIC on the Ethernet network is called its MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is a 48-bit (6 bytes) hexadecimal number, usually written in six pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by colons or hyphens, for example:

00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E

• The first 3 bytes (24 bits) identify the manufacturer of the NIC.
• The last 3 bytes (24 bits) are a unique number assigned by the manufacturer to each device.
• This makes every NIC in the world have a unique MAC address.

Option C

WiFi and WiMAX are two popular wireless communication technologies, but they differ in coverage and standards. WiFi, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, is mainly used for creating local area wireless networks with coverage typically up to 100 meters.

On the other hand, WiMAX is defined under the IEEE 802.16 standard and is designed for broadband wireless access over much larger distances, covering up to several kilometers.

The IEEE stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE develops global standards and supports a large community of engineers and scientists worldwide.

• 802.3 : Ethernet (Wired LAN standard, Data Link & Physical Layer).
• IEEE 802.5 : Token Ring LAN.
• 802.11 : WiFi (Wireless LAN).
• 802.15 : Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN, Bluetooth).
• 802.16 : WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Broadband Wireless Access).
• IEEE 1394 : FireWire (High-speed serial bus for multimedia devices).

Option A

When you type a word or phrase into the search box of a search engine like Google or Bing, that input is called search query or more commonly keywords. The search engine uses these keywords to find and display relevant results from its database.

Option A

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a digital cellular technology that combines multiple access techniques to efficiently use the available radio spectrum.

GSM uses Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to divide the available frequency bands into separate channels, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to divide each frequency channel into time slots that can be shared by multiple users.

Option A

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server over a network. FTP allows users to upload, download, rename, delete, and manage files on remote servers efficiently.

Option B

WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is the most widely used Wi-Fi security protocol. It was introduced in 2004 and uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) for strong encryption and security.

Option C

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP, which is used for communication between a web browser and a web server. 
Unlike regular HTTP, HTTPS provides encryption and security using the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocols. This ensures that any data exchanged, such as passwords, card details, or personal details is protected from unauthorized access.
Every network service on the internet uses a specific port number to communicate. By default, HTTP uses port 80, while HTTPs uses port 443.

Option C

In data communication, signals are used to transmit information between devices. There are two main types:

• Analog Signal : A continuous signal that varies smoothly over time , representing data like sound or light waves.
• Digital Signal : A discrete or discontinuous signal represented by binary values (0s and 1s).

Repeater : A device that amplifies weak signals and retransmits them to extend network distance.
Hub : A device that connects multiple devices in a network and forwards data to all connected (broadcasting) devices.

Option A

WWW (World Wide Web) is not a search engine, it is a system of interlinked hypertext documents (collection of websites) accessible via the Internet. It is the platform on which websites and search engines operate.

A Search Engine is a software system that helps users find information on the Internet. It works by crawling web pages, indexing their content, and then retrieving the most relevant results when a user enters a query.

Search engines use algorithms to rank web pages based on factors like keywords, content quality, backlinks, and user engagement. The list of some important search engine are:

Option A

The standard port number for HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is 80. Port 80 is the default port used for web servers serving unencrypted traffic over HTTP.

Option B

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number used to uniquely identify a device on a network. It is usually represented in dotted decimal notation as four decimal numbers separated by dots, e.g., 192.248.0.1, where each number represents 8 bits.

Option A

Ethernet networks use MAC (Media Access Control) addresses as their physical addresses, which are permanently imprinted on the Network Interface Card (NIC) by the manufacturer. A MAC address is 48 bits long, equivalent to 6 bytes, and is usually represented in hexadecimal notation.
This unique identifier ensures that devices within the same local network can correctly recognize and communicate with each other.