CS Free MCQ Bank

[ Option A ]

Von Neumann architecture is one of the primary foundational computer architectures that describes the basic structure of computer systems with a shared memory for instructions and data.
The Microarchitecture refers to how the architectural instructions are implemented in hardware, detailing the processor’s internal structure.

[ Option A ]

[ Option B ]

A Point (pt) is the standard typographic unit for measuring Font Size and many other typographic elements. One point is equal to 1/72 of an inch.

A Pixel (px) is the smallest unit of a digital image or display. It represents a single point of color on a screen. Pixels are used to measure screen resolution, images, and text size on digital devices. The size of a pixel varies depending on the screen resolution (DPI/PPI). Higher resolution screens have smaller pixels, producing sharper images.

• DPI = Dots Per Inch.
• PPI = Pixels Per Inch.

[ Option D ]

Audio file formats are specialized file types designed to store or manage sound data.

• The .wav extension stands for Waveform Audio File Format, developed by Microsoft and IBM, and is commonly used for storing uncompressed, high-quality audio. 
• The .mp3 format, created by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), is a widely popular lossy compression standard, ideal for music, podcasts, and online streaming due to its smaller file size. 
• The .mid extension refers to MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files, which do not contain actual sound but instead store digital instructions that control musical instruments, making them widely used in music production.
• In contrast, .rar is not an audio format. It is a Roshal Archive (RAR) file used for compressing and bundling multiple files together, unrelated to audio storage or playback.

[ Option B ]

Computer generations are classified based on the technology used in their hardware. Each generation shows significant improvements in speed, size, reliability, and efficiency over the previous one. They also differ in the type of memory, input/output devices, and programming languages used, reflecting the evolution of computing technology over time.

Must Know:

• ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, developed in 1945, was the first general-purpose electronic computer.
• UNIVAC I: Universal Automatic Computer I, introduced in 1951, was the first commercially produced digital computer in the U.S.
• IBM 701: International Business Machines 701, released in 1952, was IBM's first commercial scientific computer. 
• EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, completed in 1951, was one of the earliest electronic computers.
• EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.
• IBM 1401: Introduced in 1959, was a transistorized computer system used for business data processing.
• CDC 1604: Developed in 1958, was one of the first commercially successful transistorized computers.
• PDP-8: Released in 1965, was the first commercially successful minicomputer, using integrated circuits.
• PDP-11: Introduced in 1970, was a series of 16-bit minicomputers using integrated circuits.
• Intel 8086: Introduced in 1978, was a 16-bit microprocessor, marking the beginning of the x86 architecture.
• IBM PC: Introduced in 1981, was a personal computer based on the Intel 8088 microprocessor.
• Apple II: Released in 1977, was one of the first pre-assembled personal computers.

[ Option C ]

The control unit in a computer is responsible for directing the operations of the processor. It does this by generating Control Signals, which coordinate and manage the activities of other components, such as the ALU, memory, and input-output devices. These control signals tell each component what action to perform, when to perform it, and how to respond to various instructions.

[ Option B ]

Supercomputers are extremely high-performance computers designed to perform complex and large-scale calculations at very high speeds. CRAY-2 is a famous supercomputer developed by Cray Research in the 1980s.

[ Option D ]

Computers are classified based on size, processing power, and purpose.

Parallel Computing: A method where multiple processors perform tasks simultaneously to increase speed. It is a computing technique, not a class of computer based on size or capacity.

[ Option A ]

[ Option B ]

In modern education, technology is integrated to support, enhance, and facilitate teaching and learning. The use of technology to enhance the learning process in education is called Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
The ICT focus on a broad range of digital tools and resources such as computers, the internet, multimedia software, educational apps, and communication technologies like email and video conferencing.

[ Option B ]

A computer has several key characteristics that make it a powerful tool. It is fast (Speed), capable of performing multiple types of tasks (Versatility), accurate and dependable (Reliability), and can work tirelessly on repetitive tasks without errors (Diligence).

[ Option C ]

[ Option C ]

Computer generations are classified based on the technology used in their hardware. Each generation shows significant improvements in speed, size, reliability, and efficiency over the previous one. They also differ in the type of memory, input/output devices, and programming languages used, reflecting the evolution of computing technology over time.

Must Know:

• ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, developed in 1945, was the first general-purpose electronic computer.
• UNIVAC I: Universal Automatic Computer I, introduced in 1951, was the first commercially produced digital computer in the U.S.
• IBM 701: International Business Machines 701, released in 1952, was IBM's first commercial scientific computer. 
• EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, completed in 1951, was one of the earliest electronic computers.
• EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.
• IBM 1401: Introduced in 1959, was a transistorized computer system used for business data processing.
• CDC 1604: Developed in 1958, was one of the first commercially successful transistorized computers.
• PDP-8: Released in 1965, was the first commercially successful minicomputer, using integrated circuits.
• PDP-11: Introduced in 1970, was a series of 16-bit minicomputers using integrated circuits.
• Intel 8086: Introduced in 1978, was a 16-bit microprocessor, marking the beginning of the x86 architecture.
• IBM PC: Introduced in 1981, was a personal computer based on the Intel 8088 microprocessor.
• Apple II: Released in 1977, was one of the first pre-assembled personal computers.

[ Option B ]

Computers can be classified into three types based on functioning (how they process data):

1. Analog computers process continuous data and are used for measurements and scientific calculations.
2. Digital computers process discrete data, using binary digits (0s and 1s), and are the most common type today.
3. Hybrid computers combine the features of both analog and digital computers to process both types of data.

Therefore, Hydrobrid is not a valid category of computers based on their functioning.

[ Option C ]

[ Option D ]

GUI (Graphical User Interface) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with a computer visually, using icons, buttons, windows, and menus, instead of typing commands in text form. GUIs are common in almost all modern operating systems (like Windows, macOS, Linux), mobile devices (iOS, Android), and software applications.

[ Option D ]

[ Option C ]

[ Option B ]

PARAM is an Indian SUPERCOMPUTER developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) and belongs to the Fifth Generation of Computers. The fifth-generation computers are characterized by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Parallel Processing, Advanced Architectures, and Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology.

PARAM Series Supercomputers:

[ Option C ]

Computer Generations are classified based on the technology used in their hardware. Each generation shows significant improvements in speed, size, reliability, and efficiency over the previous one.

[ Option D ]

The ability of a computer to store data, information, and programs for current or future use is known as Storage. Computers can save vast amounts of information in memory or secondary storage devices and retrieve it whenever required.

[ Option D ]

A Microprocessor is a single integrated circuit (IC) chip that acts as the entire CPU of a computer. It performs all the basic functions of the CPU. The Intel i7, AMD Ryzen, Apple M1 etc. are all example of microprocessors.
In modern computers, we often find multicore microprocessors (dual-core, quad-core, octa-core) where multiple processing units (cores) are integrated into a single chip for faster performance.
 

[ Option A ]

The very first web browser was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 and was called WorldWideWeb (later renamed Nexus).
However, Mosaic was the first widely used graphical web browser, introduced in 1993 by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

[ Option A ]

USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripherals devices like keyboard, mouse, printer, storage devices, etc. to a computer. It allows data transfer and often provides power supply to devices. Examples: USB 2.0, USB 3.0, USB-C.

The term "Universal" signifies its general applicability to a wide range of devices.

The term "Serial" means data is transmitted one bit at a time unlike parallel transmission  which send many bits at once.

• Serial: Cheaper, works over longer distance, uses fewer wires, less error.
• Parallel: Faster in short distance, but costly and error-prone at high speeds.

The term "Bus" refers to a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers.

[ Option C ]

PDA stands for Personal Digital Assistant. It is a handheld electronic device used to manage personal information such as contacts, calendar, notes, emails, and tasks. PDAs were popular before smartphones.

[ Option D ]

The term VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) refers to the technology of integrating thousands to millions of transistors on a single chip. VLSI technology was first used in the Fourth generation of microprocessors, which typically included 32-bit microprocessors.

[ Option C ]

The Control Unit (CU) in a computer's CPU (Central Processing Unit) is responsible for directing the operation of the processor. It does so by generating control signals that coordinate how data moves between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices, and what actions other parts of the CPU should take.

[ Option D ]

Hybrid Computers combine features of both analog and digital computers for specific applications. Hybrid computers are preferred for tasks involving both continuous and discrete data processing, making them ideal for air traffic control and national defense radar systems.

[ Option A ]

PARAM 10000 is an Indian SUPERCOMPUTER developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) and belongs to the Fifth Generation of Computers. The fifth-generation computers are characterized by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Parallel Processing, Advanced Architectures, and Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology.

PARAM Series Supercomputers: