This section contains carefully selected MCQs and Previous Year Questions with explanations to help students understand concepts and prepare effectively for examinations, interviews, and competitive tests.
Q: 1Which of the following are respectively correlated with reliability, performance, and supportability in context of FURPS developed by Hewlett-Packard, the target software design quality attributes namely functionality, usability, reliability, performance, and supportability?
Option B
The FURPS (Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Supportability) Model, developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP), is a well-known framework used to classify software quality attributes.
| ATTRIBUTE | MEANING |
|---|---|
| Functionality | Accuracy, correctness, and suitability of the software to perform its intended functions. |
| Usability | Ease of use, learnability, and user-friendliness of the system. |
| Reliability | Mean-Time-To-Failure (MTTF), how long the software runs without failure. A higher MTTF means the system runs longer without failure. |
| Performance | Throughput, Response Time, how efficiently the system performs, including speed and capacity. Throughput measures how many operations or transactions the system can process in a given time. |
| Supportability | Maintainability, ease of making changes, fixing bugs, and updating the system. Maintainability reflects how easily the system can be modified or corrected. |
Q: 2Which ISO standard is related to software quality management?
Option A
The ISO 9001 provides guidelines for quality management systems applicable to software and other industries.
Q: 3What is the full form of SQA in software engineering?
Option D
In Software Engineering, SQA stands for Software Quality Assurance. It is a systematic process used to ensure that software is developed according to specified requirements, defined standards, and quality procedures.
The main purpose of SQA is not simply to find errors after the software is developed. Instead, it focuses on preventing defects and ensuring quality throughout the entire Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
SQA activities may include reviewing requirements, checking design and coding practices, conducting inspections and audits, testing, maintaining standards, and monitoring development processes.
Note:
Q: 4Software Quality Assurance (SQA) encompasses –
Option C
Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a broad activity that ensures the software meets the required quality standards. It is not limited to just testing but covers the entire software development process.
Verification ensures that the software is being built correctly according to specifications and design documents ("Are we building the product right?"). It focuses on the process of development.
Validation ensures that the final product meets the user's needs and requirements ("Are we building the right product?"). It focuses on the product itself.
| Verification | Validation |
|---|---|
| Checks whether the product is built correctly according to specifications. | Checks whether the right product is built that meets user needs. |
| “Are we building the product right?” | “Are we building the right product?” |
| Focuses on design, standards, and requirements. | Focuses on customer expectations and real-world use. |
| Done during development (reviews, inspections, walkthroughs). | Done after development (testing, acceptance). |
| Uses reviews, inspections, static analysis. | Uses functional testing, system testing, acceptance testing. |
| Preventive : finds errors early. | Detective : finds errors after implementation. |
Q: 5Probability of failure free operation of a system over a specified time within a specified environment for a specified purpose is called
Option C
In software engineering and system design, Reliability is an important quality attribute. It refers to the ability of a system to perform its intended function without failure for a specified period of time, under given conditions.
| Term | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Robustness | Ability to handle errors or unexpected inputs. |
| Efficiency | Performance in terms of time and resources. |
| Durability | Physical longevity. |
Q: 6The maintenance input of matter and energy required to repair, replenish and maintain the system is termed as _____________.
Option D
In systems theory, entropy refers to the natural tendency of a system to move toward disorder or breakdown.
Positive Entropy : System moves toward disorder, decay, or breakdown.
Negative Entropy : System receives inputs of energy or resources that help it stay healthy, organized, and functioning.
Q: 7Software compatibility means which of the following?
Option A
Software Compatibility refers to the ability of new software or systems to work with existing programs without modification. It ensures that older applications can still run properly even after upgrades or changes.
Basically, this helps in:
Q: 8Most of the Information Systems require some modification after development. There are different categories of Maintenance which are Scheduled, Adaptive, Corrective, Rescue, Preventive, and Perfective. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about these categories of Maintenance?
Option C
Adaptive Maintenance primarily focuses on modifying the system to remain usable in a changed or changing environment, such as new operating systems, hardware, or regulations.
It is not mainly concerned with accommodating new or changed user requirements that aspect is typically covered under Perfective Maintenance.
Q: 9Which type of maintenance adds new features to existing software?
Option C
Perfective Maintenance enhances performance or adds new features based on user requests.
Q: 10What is the availability of a software with the following reliability figures? Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) = 25 days, Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) = 6 hours.
Option D
In software engineering, availability tells us how much time a system remains operational and usable. It depends on two important factors:
A system is considered highly available if it fails less often (High MTBF) and is repaired quickly (Low MTTR). The formula used is:
Availability = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR) * 100
Given:
Availability = 25 / (25 + 0.25) * 100
Availability = 25 / 25.25 * 100
Availability = 0.990099 * 100
Availability = 99.009%
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