ELEVATE SKILLS!
Q: 1 Which of the following are respectively correlated with reliability, performance, and supportability in context of FURPS developed by Hewlett-Packard, the target software design quality attributes namely functionality, usability, reliability, performance, and supportability?
Consistency, Response time, Efficiency
Mean-time-to-failure, Throughput, Maintainability
Compatibility, Accuracy of Results, Fast recovery from failure
Fast recovery from failure, Consistency, Security
[ Option B ]
The FURPS (Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Supportability) Model, developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP), is a well-known framework used to classify software quality attributes.
| ATTRIBUTE | MEANING |
|---|---|
| Functionality | Accuracy, correctness, and suitability of the software to perform its intended functions. |
| Usability | Ease of use, learnability, and user-friendliness of the system. |
| Reliability | Mean-Time-To-Failure (MTTF), how long the software runs without failure. A higher MTTF means the system runs longer without failure. |
| Performance | Throughput, Response Time, how efficiently the system performs, including speed and capacity. Throughput measures how many operations or transactions the system can process in a given time. |
| Supportability | Maintainability, ease of making changes, fixing bugs, and updating the system. Maintainability reflects how easily the system can be modified or corrected. |
Q: 2 Which ISO standard is related to software quality management?
ISO 9001
ISO 12207
ISO 27001
ISO 14000
[ Option A ]
The ISO 9001 provides guidelines for quality management systems applicable to software and other industries.
Q: 3 Software Quality Assurance (SQA) encompasses –
Verification
Validation
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above
[ Option C ]
Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a broad activity that ensures the software meets the required quality standards. It is not limited to just testing but covers the entire software development process.
Verification ensures that the software is being built correctly according to specifications and design documents ("Are we building the product right?"). It focuses on the process of development.
Validation ensures that the final product meets the user's needs and requirements ("Are we building the right product?"). It focuses on the product itself.
| Verification | Validation |
|---|---|
| Checks whether the product is built correctly according to specifications. | Checks whether the right product is built that meets user needs. |
| “Are we building the product right?” | “Are we building the right product?” |
| Focuses on design, standards, and requirements. | Focuses on customer expectations and real-world use. |
| Done during development (reviews, inspections, walkthroughs). | Done after development (testing, acceptance). |
| Uses reviews, inspections, static analysis. | Uses functional testing, system testing, acceptance testing. |
| Preventive : finds errors early. | Detective : finds errors after implementation. |
Q: 4 ___________ is an indirect measure of software development process.
Cost
Effort Applied
Efficiency
All of the mentioned
[ Option C ]
Direct Measure are the values we can observe or record directly. For example, how many people worked on a project (effort), how much money was spent (cost), or the number of lines of code written. They do not need extra calculation.
Indirect Measure are values we derive or calculate from direct measures. For example, productivity (lines of code per person-month), efficiency (output vs. input), or defect density (defects per thousand lines of code). These cannot be measured directly but are obtained through formulas or analysis of direct measures.
Q: 5 The maintenance input of matter and energy required to repair, replenish and maintain the system is termed as _____________.
System Maintenance
Debugging
Positive Entropy
Negative Entropy
[ Option D ]
In systems theory, entropy refers to the natural tendency of a system to move toward disorder or breakdown.
Positive Entropy : System moves toward disorder, decay, or breakdown.
Negative Entropy : System receives inputs of energy or resources that help it stay healthy, organized, and functioning.
Q: 6 Most of the Information Systems require some modification after development. There are different categories of Maintenance which are Scheduled, Adaptive, Corrective, Rescue, Preventive, and Perfective. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about these categories of Maintenance?
Corrective Maintenance deals with fixing bugs in the code or defects found during the executions.
Scheduled Maintenance is anticipated and can be planned in advance.
Adaptive Maintenance mainly deals with accommodating to the new or changed user requirements.
Rescue Maintenance deals with the undetected malfunctions that require immediate troubleshooting solution.
[ Option C ]
Adaptive Maintenance primarily focuses on modifying the system to remain usable in a changed or changing environment, such as new operating systems, hardware, or regulations.
It is not mainly concerned with accommodating new or changed user requirements that aspect is typically covered under Perfective Maintenance.
Q: 7 Which type of maintenance adds new features to existing software?
Corrective
Adaptive
Perfective
Preventive
[ Option C ]
Perfective Maintenance enhances performance or adds new features based on user requests.
Q: 8 Quality assurance focuses on:
Testing the code.
Ensuring quality throughout the process.
Fixing bugs after release.
Measuring response time.
[ Option B ]
QA ensures quality is built into every stage of software development, not just during testing.
Q: 9 Which one is measure of software complexity?
Number of lines of code (LOC)
Number of man years
Number of Function Points (FP)
All of the above
[ Option D ]
Software Complexity refers to the degree of difficulty in understanding, developing, testing, and maintaining a software system. A highly complex system usually has more lines of code, intricate logic, higher development effort, and is harder to manage. Measuring complexity helps in estimating cost, time, and resources needed for software projects.
Lines of Code (LOC): Counts the total number of lines in the source code. More lines usually mean more complexity, but it does not reflect code quality or logic.
Man-Years: Shows the total human effort (time and people) needed to build the software. Bigger and more complex projects require more man-years.
Function Points (FP): Measures the software based on the functionality it provides to users (inputs, outputs, files). Independent of programming language, it gives a better view of user-side complexity.
Cyclomatic Complexity: Measures how many independent paths exist in the program’s flow (like branches, loops, conditions). Higher values mean the program is harder to test and maintain.
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