Java GUI Programming (AWT, Swing & JavaFX) : MCQs & PYQs with Explanation

Option A

In Java GUI programming, a layout manager controls the position and size of components inside a container. Instead of manually specifying the exact coordinates of every component, Java provides different layout managers to arrange components automatically.
BorderLayout is the layout manager that divides a container into five regions:

• North
• South
• East
• West
• Center

These regions are represented by constants such as BorderLayout.NORTH, BorderLayout.SOUTH, BorderLayout.EAST, BorderLayout.WEST, and BorderLayout.CENTER.
E.g.:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class Example
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Frame frame = new Frame("BorderLayout Example");
        frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        frame.add(new Button("North"), BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(new Button("South"), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(new Button("East"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(new Button("West"), BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(new Button("Center"), BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
        {
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
            {
                frame.dispose();
            }
        });
    }
}
OUTPUT

Option B

In Java AWT, a menu bar is represented by the MenuBar class. A menu bar is normally attached to a Frame by using the setMenuBar() method. The Frame class represents a top-level window and provides a dedicated area for displaying a menu bar.

E.g.:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class Example
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Frame frame = new Frame("Menu Bar Example");
        MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();
        Menu fileMenu = new Menu("File");
        Menu editMenu = new Menu("Edit");
        fileMenu.add(new MenuItem("Open"));
        fileMenu.add(new MenuItem("Save"));
        editMenu.add(new MenuItem("Copy"));
        editMenu.add(new MenuItem("Paste"));
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
        menuBar.add(editMenu);
        frame.setMenuBar(menuBar);
        frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
        {
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
            {
                frame.dispose();
            }
        });
    }
}
OUTPUT

Option A

In Java AWT, the Label class is used to display a single line of text in a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The text of a label can be set or changed using the setText() method, which accepts a string as an argument. The getText() method is used to retrieve the current text displayed by the label.
E.g.:
Label label = new Label("Hello");
label.setText("Welcome to Java");

Option B

Java provides several libraries and frameworks for creating graphical user interfaces. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) allows users to interact with a program through visual elements such as windows, buttons, labels, text fields, menus, check boxes, and so on.
Two important Java GUI technologies are AWT and Swing.
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is Java original GUI toolkit. It is present in the java.awt package and provides components such as Button, Label, TextField, Checkbox, Frame, etc. AWT components are generally called heavyweight components because they depend on the underlying operating system native GUI components.
Swing was introduced later and provides a larger set of GUI components. Swing classes are mainly present in the javax.swing package. Examples include JButton, JLabel, JTextField, JCheckBox, and JFrame. Swing components are generally lightweight and provide a more flexible and consistent GUI across platforms.
AWT as a whole has not been deprecated. Many AWT classes are still valid Java classes and are used even by Swing applications.

Option D

In Java GUI programming, a layout manager controls the position and arrangement of components inside a container. Instead of manually specifying the coordinates of each component, layout managers automatically determine where components should be placed.
FlowLayout is the layout manager that normally arranges components from left to right in a horizontal row. When the available horizontal space is not sufficient for all components, the remaining components automatically move to the next line. This behavior is similar to how words flow from one line to the next in a paragraph.
FlowLayout is available in the java.awt package and is the default layout manager for a Panel.

Java AWT Layout Managers:

Option C

In Java GUI programming, every component has a size that determines how much space it occupies on the screen. Java provides methods to obtain different size-related information about a component. The getPreferredSize() method returns the preferred size of a component.
The preferred size represents the size that a component would ideally like to have when a layout manager arranges the components. It is represented by a Dimension object containing the width and height. The method is defined in the java.awt.Component class.
Syntax:
public Dimension getPreferredSize()

Important Size-Related Methods in Java GUI: