This section contains carefully selected MCQs and Previous Year Questions with explanations to help students understand concepts and prepare effectively for examinations, interviews, and competitive tests.
Q: 1___________ is an indirect measure of software development process.
Option C
Direct Measure are the values we can observe or record directly. For example, how many people worked on a project (effort), how much money was spent (cost), or the number of lines of code written. They do not need extra calculation.
Indirect Measure are values we derive or calculate from direct measures. For example, productivity (lines of code per person-month), efficiency (output vs. input), or defect density (defects per thousand lines of code). These cannot be measured directly but are obtained through formulas or analysis of direct measures.
Q: 2N is the number of nodes of the control graph and E is the number of edges in the control flow graph. What is Mc Cabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity V(G)?
Option B
McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is a software metric used to measure the complexity of a programs control flow. It indicates the number of linearly independent paths through the program.
For a control flow graph with N nodes and E edges, the cyclomatic complexity is calculated as:
V(G) = E-N+2
Where:
For example, if a control flow graph has 10 nodes and 11 edges, then:
V(G) = 11-10+2 = 3
So, the cyclomatic complexity is 3, which indicates that there are 3 linearly independent paths that need to be considered for basis path testing.
Q: 3As per software engineering, which of the following order is correct for stages of risk management process of a software project?
Option D
In software engineering, Risk Management is the process of identifying and controlling risks that may affect a software project. The stages occur in a logical order.
| STAGE | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
| Risk Identification | Identify and list all possible risks that may affect the software project. |
| Risk Analysis | Evaluate the identified risks to determine their probability and impact on the project. |
| Risk Planning | Develop strategies or actions to reduce, avoid, or manage the risks. |
| Risk Monitoring | Continuously track the risks and check whether the risk management strategies are effective during the project. |
Correct Order: Risk Identification → Risk Analysis → Risk Planning → Risk Monitoring.
Q: 4Which one is measure of software complexity?
Option D
Software Complexity refers to the degree of difficulty in understanding, developing, testing, and maintaining a software system. A highly complex system usually has more lines of code, intricate logic, higher development effort, and is harder to manage. Measuring complexity helps in estimating cost, time, and resources needed for software projects.
Lines of Code (LOC): Counts the total number of lines in the source code. More lines usually mean more complexity, but it does not reflect code quality or logic.
Man-Years: Shows the total human effort (time and people) needed to build the software. Bigger and more complex projects require more man-years.
Function Points (FP): Measures the software based on the functionality it provides to users (inputs, outputs, files). Independent of programming language, it gives a better view of user-side complexity.
Cyclomatic Complexity: Measures how many independent paths exist in the program’s flow (like branches, loops, conditions). Higher values mean the program is harder to test and maintain.
Q: 5As per the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), the process maturity levels are defined as
Level 1 : Initial
Level 2 : (A)
Level 3 : (B)
Level 4 : (C)
Level 5 : Optimizing
Identify (A), (B) and (C).
Option C
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) defines 5 levels of process maturity in software development. These levels describe how well an organization’s processes are defined and managed.
| LEVEL | NAME | DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Initial | Work is random and not organized. No proper process is followed. |
| Level 2 | Repeatable | Work can be repeated in similar projects using basic planning. |
| Level 3 | Defined | Work is done using proper rules and standard procedures. |
| Level 4 | Managed | Work is measured and controlled using data and metrics. |
| Level 5 | Optimizing | Work is continuously improved to make processes better.Work is continuously improved to make processes better. |
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